Recent Advances in the Development and Applications of Sustainable Nanobiosensors for Diagnostic Applications

There is a growing need for the development of next-generation nanobiosensors that can operate as point-of-care devices outside specialized laboratories. In this context, nanomaterial-based sensors or nanobiosensors offer significant advantages in terms of sensitivity, detection limits, and other key analytical performance parameters. This review highlights various examples of nanobiosensors utilizing nanoparticles, quantum dots, and graphene. Additionally, different sensor fabrication technologies, including screen printing, inkjet printing, stamping, and laser scribing, will be discussed. The study also explores various sensing formats, such as stand-alone, lateral flow, and wearable devices, designed for applications ranging from health diagnostics to environmental monitoring. These technologies enable the detection of cancer cells, pathogens, contaminants, and more, demonstrating their broad potential in advancing diagnostic capabilities.